Bunions

An Overview Of Bunions

What is a Bunion?

A bunion is a bony protuberance that appears on the outer surface of the big toe when it angles toward the adjacent toe. It is an extra bone and a fluid-filled sac that grows at the base of the big toe.

What are the Common Causes of Bunions?

Bunions are common in women and tend to run in families (heredity). The major cause of bunions is prolonged wearing of ill-fitting shoes such as tight, narrow, and high-heeled shoes which compress the toes and exert excessive pressure while walking. The condition becomes worse and more painful as the bump grows bigger in size. Certain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout may also cause bunions.

What are the Symptoms of Bunions?

Swelling
Pain and tenderness around the big toe
Turning of the big toe towards the adjacent toe
Change in the shape of the foot
A bony mass at the joint surface of the big toe
Pain and discomfort while walking
Restricted movements of the big toe

How are Bunions Diagnosed?

Your orthopaedic surgeon diagnoses a bunion based on the following:

Medical history to rule out any diabetic conditions, hypertension, circulatory disorders
Physical examination to evaluate the nature of bunion
Foot or ankle X-rays to determine the bone and soft tissue damage

What are the Conservative Treatments for Bunions?

A bunion may be treated either by non-surgical or surgical methods.

The non-surgical treatment options include:

Medications to help alleviate pain and associated symptoms
Antibiotics to avoid infection
Ice packs to reduce inflammation
Getting adequate rest
Wearing broad-toed shoes that fit properly to reduce the compression of the toes
Using bunion pads, cushions and splints to protect and alleviate painful foot bunions
Selecting properly fitted shoes that match the shape of your feet